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Our Journey Toward Objective Pain Biomarkers The current primary method for pain assessment relies on patient self-reporting, typically using a 1-10 scale. While the patient’s narrative is undoubtedly vital, this subjective scoring introduces significant limitations. These constraints include variability across different devices, protocols, and individual patient differences, which limit the ability to compare scores over

R&D Background Chronic pain affects millions globally and is often accompanied by cognitive and emotional challenges, including mental disorders. The inability to objectively measure pain presents numerous issues in pain management, such as medication availability, clinical care, treatment monitoring, and clinical trials. Therefore, reliable, ethical, noninvasive detection and continuous measurement are crucial for effective treatment.